AMATEKA Y'INZARA MU RWANDA RWO HAMBERE

Mu mateka y’u Rwanda, ya mbere y’ubukoloni, mu gihe cy’ubukoloni na nyuma yaho, u Rwanda rwahuye mu bihe bitandukanye, n’inzara. Ubwinshi bwizo nzara ndetse n’urukirikirane rwazo byatumye inzara kimwe nk’ibindi biza bifatwa n’Abanyarwanda nk’indangagihe. Urugero abantu bamwe bazi ko bavutse mbere cyangwa nyuma gato y’inzara iyi n’iyi. Abandi bo bazi ko igikorwa cy’ikimenyabose cyabaye mbere cyangwa nyuma y’inzara iyi n’iyi.

Zimwe mu nzara zizwi zabayeho, hari inzara ya Rukungugu yabaye ku ngoma y’Umwami Yuhi IV Gahindiro. Iyo nzara yabaye ahagana mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya XIX. Yatewe n’amapfa yiganje mu gihugu. Nkuko Padiri Alexis Kagame abyandika mu gitabo cye yise «Un Abrégé de l’histoire du Rwanda», Umwami Gahindiro n’abiru bakoresheje icyo gihe Inzira y’ubwiru ya Rukungugu mu kuyirwanya. Iyo nzara yamaze umwaka umwe.

Nyuma yaho, mu gihe cy’ubukoloni bw’Abadage, mu Rwanda habaye n’izindi nzara, zirimo Ruyaga yo mu 1897-1903, Rwakabaga cyangwa se Kimwaramwara yo mu 1906-1909. Inzara Ruyaga yatewe n’inzige zateye imyaka, zikayona kugeza aho bivuyemo inzara. Naho Inzara ya Rwakabaga yatewe n’amapfa yiganje cyane mu majyaruguru no mu burasirazuba bw’igihugu.

Mu gihe cy’ubukoloni bw’Ababiligi, u Rwanda rwatewe n’izindi nzara zikomeye. Izo ni nka Rumanura cyangwa se Rumanurimbaba yo mu ntambara ya mbere y’isi yose. Iyo nzara yabaye hagati y’i 1916 n’i 1918. Yatewe n’intambara, ihunga ry’abantu, ubusahuzi bw’ibiribwa ndetse n’inzige zangije imyaka. Iyo nzara yatwaye abantu benshi: abapadiri bo kuri misiyoni ya Nyundo batangaje ko ku Nyundo honyine hapfiriye abantu barenga 25000.

Hagati y’i 1924 n’i 1926, u Rwanda rwongeye guterwa n’inzara ya Gakwege. Nyuma y’imyaka ibiri, hateye indi nzara yiswe Rwakayihura. Iyo nzara yabaye hagati y’i 1928 n’i 1930. Yatewe n’amapfa, yica abantu barenga 35000. Nyuma y’iyi nzara, ubuyobozi bw’Ababiligi bwatangiye gufata ingamba zo kurwanya inzara. Zimwe muri izo ngamba zirimo nko guhinga ku gahato imyumbati, ibijumba n’ibirayi. Iri hingishwa ku gahato niryo ryiswe “shiku”

Ababiligi bizeye ko izo zari gutuma nta nzara izongera gutera mu Rwanda. Ariko baje gutungurwa cyane ubwo inzara ya Ruzagayura yadukaga mu gihe cy’intambara ya kabiri y’isi yose.
Aha, umuntu yakwibaza ati ese Ruzagayura yariteye iteye? Igisubizo muzagisoma mu nkuru itaha.

INGOMA NYIGINYA

 U Rwanda rwa Gasabo kuva mu w’1450 kugera mu w’1895

Ijambo “Rwanda” ryaba rituruka ku nshinga ya kera “kwanda” bivuga gukwira hirya no hino. Izina “Rwanda” riranga ahantu urisanga mu ntara ya Busoga iri mu burasirazuba bwa Uganda, kimwe no muri Ankole. Mu gihugu cyacu rero hakaba Rwanda rwa Binaga ho mu Rweya (Mutara), Rwanda rwa Gasabo (banahita Rwanda rwa Ndanyoye) iri muri Komini Gikomero, hari na Rwanda rwa Kamonyi (Komini Taba), ndetse hari na Rwanda yo mu bya Kalemi (Zayire) mu burengerazuba bw’ikiyaga cya Tanganyika. Havugwa ko Abanyiginya bagitangira kwigarurira ibihugu, umusozi batsinze wose wazaga usanga Rwanda (rwa Gasabo). Aho kuri Rwanda ngo niho babyariye (biciye) imfizi ya Gihanga y’Ubwami Rugira, n’insumba yayo Ingizi. Ngiyo rero “Rwanda rugari rwa Gasabo”, ngo bavuga gutyo umutima w’Umunyiginya ugatengurwa n’ibyishimo. Ndetse bakongeraho ngo “Rwanda rwa Gasabo, urwo mvuga mvumera iwacu”. Mbese ni mu ngobyi y’ubwami bw’Abanyiginya.

1. Ruganzu I Bwimba kugera kuri Mibambwe I Sekarongoro I Mutabazi I

Umwami wa mbere wimye i Gasabo uzwi mu bitekerezo ni Ruganzu I Bwimba; icyo gihe Gisaka yari ikomeye kurusha u Rwanda. Umwami w’i Gisaka yari Kimenyi Musaya warongoye Robwa, mushiki wa Ruganzu wa I Bwimba. Ruganzu I Bwimba yishwe n’ingabo z’i Gisaka. Bavuga ko bimaze kuba ngo uwo Robwa yaba yarisekuye ku nkota kugira ngo umwana atwite atazavamo umwami w’i Gisaka. Uwo Ruganzu I Bwimba na mushiki we Robwa babarirwa mu batabazi bitangiye ingoma nyiginya.

Ku ngoma y’uwakurikiyeho, ariwe Cyirima I Rugwe, u Rwanda rwiyongereyeho u Buriza n’u Bwanacyambwe. Ku ngoma ya Kigeri I Mukobanya (hari abemeza ko uwo Mukobanya na murumuna we Sekarongoro bari ibikomangoma by’i Bugesera, bakaba rero bari Abahondogo) niho habaye igitero cya I cy’Abanyoro (baturutse mu bunyoro ho muri Uganda; bari bakomeye kandi bangije u Rwanda bikabije) bayobowe n’umwami wabo Cwa I. Icyo gihe byari mu by’1520, akaba ari nabwo Mibambwe I Sekarongoro yakomerekejwe n’umwambi mu gahanga, bamuhimba igisingizo cya “Mutabazi”.

2. Igitero cya II cy’Abanyoro n’itsindwa rya Nduga

Mu myaka yakurikiye urwimo rwe, Mibambwe I Sekarongoro I Mutabazi I yihatiye kwigarurira Nduga (ubundi yari atuye Gasabo, nyuma ajya mu Bumbogo). Nduga y’Ababanda iranga imubera ibamba. Ku Mugina wa Jenda, mu Kona ka Mashyoza n’i Kigorora (hose ni ku mayaga), mu rugamba rumwe hagwa Abacengezi b’u Rwanda batabarika. Bavuga ko uwo Mibambwe I yakoranyije ingabo agatera i Nduga hakamunanira neza. Arongera agabayo abatabazi b’abacengeri: Gatambira ka Mibambwe I nyine aza ariwe, agwa mu Rugondo rwa Tambwe, ho mu Nduga.

Ibyo aribyo byose Mashira nawe yohereje ibitero mu Rwanda byambuka Nyabarongo. Hari n’icyari kigabwe n’umuhungu we witwaga Ngoga, kigera mu Muhanda wa Nzovi, hasi ya Nyamweru (muri Komini Shyorongi). Uwo Ngoga ngo yaharanduye ikimana (ikivumu cy’umuterekero) cyo gutsinda Nduga Mibambwe yari yarahateye.

Mashira amaze kunanirana, Mibambwe I Sekarongoro arazibukira iby’imirwano aba abishyize iruhande, maze ingoma y’Ababanda irasugira. Nibwo rero Mibambwe I yigiriye imigambi yo kugirana imimaro (amasezerano yo kutarwana ) na Mashira; biremezwa Mashira aba umwami wa Nduga. Nyuma yaho imishyikirano yarakomeye, ndetse haziraho no gushyingirana. Nuko Mashira arongora Nyirantorwa, umukobwa wa Mibambwe I, Mibamwe uwo nawe ari we “Semutakirwa Semutambanashakwe, umwami w’i Mbirima na Mutovu” (ho muri Komini Musasa), arongora “Bwiza bwa Mashira budashira irora n’irongorwa” : ngo yari mwiza atagira uko asa; naho Gahindiro ka Mibambwe I arongora Nyankeri ya Mashira (twibuke ko habayeho ba Gahindiro batatu bakomoka kuri ba Mibambwe I, II, III).
Nyuma y’ubwo busabane buvanzemo politiki, ni ho hadutse igitero cya kabiri cy’Abanyoro. Mibambwe I yagerageje kwitabaza Bugesera, Gisaka na Nduga ibyo bihugu byanga kumutabara. Nuko Mibambwe abonye yugarijwe n’Abanyoro kandi u Rwanda rwe rumaze gusibama, ahitamo guhunga, ahungana n’ingabo n’abaturage ndetse n’amatungo, berekeza mu Bushi (mu bya Bukavu y’ubu). Mu mirwamo arahagwa Forongo mwene Mibambwe I, maze abarirwa mu batabazi. Abanyoro batera n’i Gisaka, ariko ntibyakomera; batera u Bugesera umwami Sengano arahagwa. Bakurikirana Mibambwe I ariko bagenda intage ari nako bacunga iminyago. Udusigisigi twabo dutura mu majyepfo y’i Nduga, ahahindutse Indara (Indarirane z’Abanyoro, ndetse aho hari n’inzu ubu yitwa “Abanyoro”ibakomokaho).

Mibambwe I n’Abanyarwanda be bumvise ko Cwa I, umwami w’Abanyoro yapfuye, barahunguka. Mu ihunguka Mibambwe I yagiye asubira mu mararo ye y’igihe yahungaga: ava i Remera rya Kabagari (Komini Masango), anyura i Gitwe agera i Nyamagana (Komini Tambwe). Arakomeza ajya kwagira sebukwe akaba n’umukwe we Mashira wari utuye i Nyanza icyo gihe. Mashira rero yaje gusanganira sebukwe, ntacyo yikeka: arazimana. Igihe bigeze hagati, baramufata, Mibambwe I aramwica, amutsinda ahongaho i Nyanza. Ibyo kwa Mashira birarimbuka, i Nduga itsindwa itsinzwe noneho. Nuko bene Mashira barahashirira, n’ubwo ubungubu hakiri abamwiyitirira.

• Ibyatumye Nduga itsindwa

Ukwirara hamwe n'ikizere ngo kiraza amasinde. Mu by'ukuri bivanze n'ubupfayongo. Dore nawe, Mashira ntiyari abuze ingabo zikomeye kandi nyinshi, ariko we yahugiye mu byo kubana neza no gushyingirana, mu gihe Mibambwe I hamwe n'Abatutsi n'Abahutu b'abagaragu babo (ngo abenci bari Abasinga) bo bari bagamije politiki, iyi idatinya kwica amasezerano, umubano no gutsemba isano.

Ubugambanyi bwa Munyanya. Munyanya yavaga indimwe na Mashira mwa se wabo; yifatanyije na Mibambwe I mu kwica Mashira.

• Inkurikizi z'itsindwa rya Nduga
Itsindwa rya Nduga ni intambwe ikomeye cyane mu mateka y'u Rwanda. Ibyo byatumye u Rwanda rubona aho ruhera hagaragara, rutera utundi duhugu. Nduga yari isanganywe ubutegetsi bufutuye, bukomeye.

Abanyanduga bakomeje gushyamirana n'abanyiginya. Uburangare ntibwabaye ubwa bose. Mu bitongero by'imihango bagerageje kunga Nduga n'abayigaruriye bavuga ngo: "tuza... nk'inono y'Abasindi na Kibanda". Ni ukuvuga ngo: worohe nk'ifu y'inono ihuza Abasindi (ni ukuvuga Abanyiginya) na Kibanda y'Ababanda. Mu by'ukuri ngo no mu by'1930, Ababanda bo mu Nduga bari bagicyurirana n'Abanyiginya. Naho inshyuro z'Abanyiginya ari hamwe n'Abasinga zigaragarira mu bisigo byo ku ngoma ya Cyirima II Rujugira bibwirwa Muhabura, umusizi w'umubanda.

Hari Ababanda benci batotejwe, maze bamwe mu batarapfuye barahunga bagana mu Buriza, mu majyaruguru y'u Rwanda n'ahandi. Hari abimukanye amazina y'aho baturutse: Marangara (muri Komini Nyamutera) Jenda (muri Komini Nkuri); hari na Jenda bimukanye mu Bunyambiriri (Gikongoro).

Nduga yabaye umutima w'u Rwanda rw'Abanyiginya: abami barahikunze baharema imirwa myinshi, nyuma ibitero byinci byakwiriye impande zose z'u Rwanda rw'icyo gihe, byitwaga ko bigabwe n'Abanyenduga, baba Abatutsi baba Abahutu.

Abanyanduga banze kwibagirwa Mashira wabo: baramuterekereye, bararimba bamushyira mu mubare w'imandwa, naho Abatutsi n'abagaragu babo bagumya kumusebya, bagabanya agaciro ke. Nyamara ngo yaba yari igihangange gishishikajwe no kwagura igihugu no kugitegeka neza.

U Bwanacyambwe bwigaruriwe n'Abagesera Abazirankende: Mibambwe I amaze guhunga Abanyoro no kwica Mashira yatuye mu Nduga. U Bwanacyambwe bwari bwarometswe ku Gisaka mu gihe cy'abami bane bo mu Rwanda: Yuhi II Gahima, Ndahiro II Cyamatare, Ruganzu II Ndori, Mutara Semugeshi. Icyo gihe cyose, urubibi rw'i Gisaka rwari umugezi wa Nyabugogo n'uruzi rwa Nyabarongo mu majyaruguru y'u Bwanacyambwe. Byageza n'aho umwami w'i Gisaka, Kimenyi II Shumbusho, aza gutura ku murwa wa Kigali. Abami b'u Rwanda babonye ko badafite amaboko yo kurwanya Gisaka, barekera iyo kugeza kuri Kigeri II Nyamuheshera ( mu by'1770).

3. Uko u Rwanda rwaguwe kuri Yuhi II Gahima kugera kuri Kigeri IV Rwabugiri

YUHI II GAHIMA (1552)

Yuhi II Gahima bakunze kumuranga bamusingiza ngo : “Yuhi ryo mu Karambo ka Rukore” (aho ni mu Busigi, hakurya ya Rulindo). Bavuga ko se Mibambwe I wari utuye i Remera ryo mu Buriza hateganye n’u Busigi ari ho, yari atungiye Shetsa umugore we w’inkundwakazi, yageze aho akajya mu Karambo ka Rukore, akarongora Matama ya Bigega ariko rwihishwa. Nibwo Matama uwo abyaye Gahima wabaye Yuhi II. Yuhi Gahima yatangiye ashimangira ubutegetsi bw’abatutsi mu Nduga. Hanyuma yatangiye kugaba ibitero byo kunyaga inka n’abagore mu burengerazuba bw’u Rwanda rw’ubu : yashinze umurwa i Nzaratsi mu Nyantango hafi ya Nyabarongo, asingira u Bwishaza ndetse agera no mu Rusenyi. Aho hose baramurwanya ntiyahamara kabiri. Mu burasirazuba habaye ibitero byo kunyaga mu Buganza bureba Mubari. Mu majyepfo yateye u Bungwe ntibyamuhira.

NDAHIRO II CYAMATARE (1576)

Mu bana ba Yuhi II Gahima, hari Bamara, Cyamatare, Juru, Bwimba, Karangana, Mutezi, hakaba na Binama nyina yari yarabyaye kuri Samukende, umwami w’u Bungwe. Yuhi II Gahima yamaze gutanga, abo bana be barwanira ingoma banga kuyoboka Ndahiro wa II Cyamatare, u Rwanda rucikamo ibice bibiri: Juru yigarurira igice cyo hakurya ya Nyabarongo (u Buriza), naho uburengerazuba buyoboka Ndahiro. Juru amaze gupfa, kimwe na Mutezi na Bwimba, Bamara ashaka gusimbura uwo Juru : kugirango abigereho, yiyemeza gutatira abavandimwe, yitabaza Nsubira Nyebunga, umwami w’umushi wari umaze kwigarurira Ijwi.

Nsibura Nyebunga atera u Rwanda rwa Ndahiro II Cyamatare, urugamba rw’injyanamuntu ruremera i Gitarama. Ndahiro wa II Cyamatare arugwamo ahitwa Rugarama, yambutse umugezi wa Kibirira. Aho niho bise “i Rubi rw’i Nyundo”, kuva ubwo, kwambuka uwo mugezi biba umuziro ku witwa umwami wese. Umugabekazi n’abaja n’abandi bagore barafatwa bicwa urubozo, kuva ubwo aho biciwe hitwa “Mu miko y’abakobwa”. Ingoma y’Ingabe Rwoga ababisha barayivugana. Ubwo u Rwanda rwasaga nk’urugiye kuzima, amacakubiri yo kurwanira atuma abantu basigaye bacura imiborogo, amapfa aracana, ibintu biradogera, ngo ndetse inka ntizaba zikibyara, inkoko ntizaba zigituraga.

RUGANZU II NDORI (1600)

Bamwe bavuga ko Ruganzu II Ndori ari mwene Ndahiro II Cyamatare, akaba yaragiye kubundira kwa nyirasenge Nyabunyana wari warashatswe na Karemera Ndangara ya Ruhinda, umwami w’i Karagwe k’Abahinda. Ngo maze mu gihe u Rwanda rwari rugeze mu kaga rugeze aharindimuka, arahagoboka Kavuna Karyankuna wemeye kwitangira igihugu, agenda ararika abantu b’ingenzi bari hirya no hino ngo bamufashe kujya gushaka uwakura u Rwanda habi, hose akagenda avuga ati : „...sindushye ndashonje“. Nuko bakamuzimanira. Amaherezo Kavuna agera i Karagwe, atekerereza Ndori uko u Rwanda rwononekaye, amubwira ko hari abiteguye kumwakira. Amaherezo Ndori arabunduka (ava aho yari yarabundiye: mu rwihisho) yambuka Akagera. Naho Kavuna wari warasigaye inyuma ageze ku ruzi asanga Ndori yari yarabwiye abasare ngo ntibazamwambutse. Kavuna nawe abibonye atyo, yibuka umuruho yagize, afata umuheto we n’imyambi abivunira ku ivi agira ati : „uyu muruho nagize ugapfa ubusa, abagabo b’i Rwanda bazawuruhe, abagore n’abakobwa bazawuruhe, abahungu bazawuruhe“. Ngaho aho byavuye kuvuga ngo „kuruha uwa Kavuna“ (kuruhira ubusa nta nyiturano).

Abandi bati Ruganzu II Ndori ni Umuhinda wateye u Rwanda rwaragirijwe, ararwigarurira, ariko bitamworoheye. Bityo yadukana inzu nshya ya kabiri y’ubwami iturutse ishyanga nk’uko Kigeri I Mukobanya na Mibambwe I Sekarongoro Mutabazi bari Abahondogo.

Uretse rero kutamenya neza inkomoko ya Ruganzu II Ndori, banamwitirira ndetse byinci : Kuvuga ko Ndori yabundiye kwa Karemera Ndagara ya Ruhinda. Yitirirwa ibuye rya Bagenge (Komini Nyarutovu), ngiryo iteme ry’amakoro kuri Rusizi, ngibyo ibibugurizo ku bitare (ibisoro), ngayo amajanja y’imbwa za Ruganzu, n’ibindi.

Bamwitirira byinci, ndetse biruta ibyo bitirira Gihanga. N’ibihugu bavuga ko yagaruye akabyomeka ku Rwanda, ahari ni icyitiriro. Ngo yatsinze ibi bikurikira : ibihugu biri hagati ya Crête Zaire-Nil n’ikiyaga cya Kivu kugera ku mugezi wa Rusizi (Cyangugu); Ijwi (ngo yanateye mu Bushi, ariko ntiyabugaruye); u Bugoyi hamwe n’ibihugu biri inyuma y’ibirunga; u Bugara aho yishe umwami Nzira ya Muramira hamwe n’umugabekazi waho; u Burwi aho yishe Nyaruzi rwa Haramanga mu Mukindo wa Makwaza, Nyaruzi aba atyo umwami wa nyuma w’ingoma y’Abarenge.

Icyo gihangange Ruganzu, bamwe bavuga ko cyivuganywe n’Abahutu b’i Bwishaza, abandi bakavuga ko yarasiwe mu Rusenyi. Ibyo aribyo byose, bamurashe umwambi w’ingobe wahuranya ijisho, nuko abantu baramuheka bamugeza mu Matyazo ya Nyantango (muri Kibuye). Ngo aho hari hatuye abacuzi bashoboye gukuramo uwo mwambi, ariko Ruganzu II Ndori arahagwa. Aho yaguye hitwa „ku Muciro wa Rusenge“ (aho yaciriye). Umulyango w’abamukuyemo umwambi witwa „Abakuro“, bakaba Abatsobe. Uwo Rusenge yari umugaragu wa Ruganzu II Ndori kandi yari Umuhutu. Ngo yarahiyahuriye yanga gukomeza kubaho kandi shebuja amaze gupfa. Uko kwiyahura gutyo bakuvuga no ku ngaboz’intwari z’uwo mwami zicanye zisogotana amacumu zitwaga Ibisumizi: zaguye mu Butansinda bwa Kigoma na Muyange muri Gitarama. Izo ngabo zabarirwaga hamwe n’izindi zitwaga Ingangurarugo, Udusambi, Abaganda (ni ukuvuga abacura).

Ruganzu uwo bavuga ko ariwe wahanze ingoma y’Ingabe Karinga ngo isimbure Rwoga yari yaratwawe na Nsibura. Banavuga ko igihe cye ari ho imandwa zadutse mu Rwanda ziyobowe na Ryangombe umukuru wazo. Nyamara imandwa zigomba kuba zari zisanzwe. Ruganzu II Ndori ngo bamutabaje i Butangampundu mu Buriza (Kigali) hari hagenewe abami baguye ku rugamba cyangwa bakindutse.

MUTARA II SEMUGESHI (1624)

Abiru bemeza ko ariwe mwana wenyine wa Ruganzu II Ndori. Ngo yabanje kwima nabi nabi mu buryo budakurikije amategeko kandi yitwa Bicuba (izina rye ry’ubwami). Ngo hanyuma umwiru witwa Mpande ya Rusanga (wavutse iruhenda rw’imfizi y’ibwami yitwaga Rusanga) aza kumwimika neza noneho umwami yitwa Mutara I Semugeshi. Birumvikana ko hari ikintu cy’igihu kitumvikana iyo umuntu ashatse kumenya uko yagiye ku ngoma. Yometse ku Rwanda igihugu cy’Abenengwe cyari kigizwe n’u Bungwe, u Bufundu n’igice cya Busanza.

KIGERI II NYAMUHESHERA (1648)

Yabaye umurwanyi cyane hamwe n’ingabo ze zitwaga Inkingi. Byatumye yungura u Rwanda yigarurira uturere dukurikira : Kinyaga cya Bukunzi na Busozo, u Bwanacyambwe bwari bwarajyanwe na Gisaka (Ndorwa yari yarateye i Gisaka ikiganziriza ku Muzizi wa Ryamanyoni muri Komini Rukara, maze Kigeri II arwanya Ndorwa arayinesha iva mu Gisaka, inyiturano iba ko i Gisaka cyashubije u Rwanda u Bwanacyambwe bwarwo), yigaruriye n’u Buberuka hamwe n’uturere turi inyuma y’ibirunga.

MIBAMBWE II SEKARONGORO II GISANURA (1672)

Nta gihugu yongeye ku Rwanda. Ahubwo azwiho ubwitonzi, kugira ubuntu, guha amata abakene begereye ibwami. Ibyo byatumyebamuhimba igisingizo bamwita “Rugabishabirenge”. Azwiho no kuba umucamanza utabera kandi wangaga ibihano bidakwiye umuntu.

Umunsi umwe, Gisanura yabajije abatware be igihano gisumbye ibindi, buri wese agenda avuga icye. Umwami asanze bikabije, buri wese amuhanisha icyo yagiye avuga. Nguko uko umwe wari watahuye ko igihano cyiza ari ugusambura inzu ziri hafi, bagacaniriza urutare iyo sakamburiro kugeza aho urutare rutukura, noneho umugome bakarumushyiraho agashirira. Ibyo byahimbwe n’umutware witwaga Kamegeri. Umwami yasanze nta muntu mubi (w’umugome) kurusha Kamegeri. Nuko aca iteka ko uwo Kamegeri bamuhanisha icyo gihano kibi yahimbiye abandi. Noneho baramuboha bamujugunya ari muzima ku rutare bacaniriye rwatukuye. Urutare ruramukaranga agenda arwibirinduraho. Ngibyo iby’urutare rwa Kamegeri (ruri munsi y’umuhanda hagati ya Ruhango n’ibiro bya Komini Kigoma).

YUHI II MAZIMPAKA (1969) NA KAREMERA RWAKA (1728)

Ku ngoma yabo nta gihugu kizwi cyongewe ku Rwanda rw’icyo gihe.

CYIRIMA II RUJUGIRA (1744)

Uwo mwami yabaye umutegetsi uhamye n’umuyobozi w’ingabo nyakuri. Yagaragaje ubuhanga bwo gukingira igihugu, akabuza ababisha kukivogera. Amaze gutsinda abaharaniraga ingoma, yagize ikibazo gikakaye : u Burundi, u Bugesera, i Gisaka n’i Ndorwa byibumbiye hamwe ngo byagirize u Rwanda.
Dore uko yabigenjeje : Icya mbere ni uko yumvishije rubanda ko bagomba kurinda ubusugire bw’igihugu, ngo ndetse kubera iyo mpamvu yashyize rubanda mu ngabo kugirango yumvishe neza agaciro n’akamaro ka rubanda. Icya kabiri ni uko urwo ruhare yahaye rubanda rwatumye ashobora kurema imitwe y’ingabo cumi n’umwe kandi ihamye, ayikwirakwiza ku mupaka w’u Rwanda n’u Burundi. Dore zimwe mu ngerero yashyizeho : ingabo zitwaga Indara, Imvejuru, Inyakare, Inyaruguru, zahaye amazina yazo uturere zari zirindiyemo, mu bya Gakoma hari Ababanda, i Mututu hakaba Abarima. Hari n’izindi ngabo yari afite : Ababito, Intarindwa, Abadahemuka, Igicikiza, Imanga, Abakemba, Indirira. Bityo yashoboye guhigika u Burundi, hanyuma ingabo ziyobowe n’umuhungu we Sharangabo zitera i Gisaka naho Ndorwa iterwa n’iziyobowe n’undi muhungu we Ndabarasa, wahateye ataraba umwami akanahagarura amaze kwima. Kuva ku ngoma ya Cyirima II Rujugira niho imvugo yakwiriye ngo “u Rwanda ruratera ntiruterwa”.

KIGERI III NDABARASA (1768)

Itsindwa rya Mubari (mu Mazinga : muri pariki Akagera)
Igihugu cy’u Mubari cyatsinzwe nka Nduga, kuko hombi habaye ubucuti bw’amayeri, gushyingirana no kurwanisha intwaro. Kigeri III yijeje ubucuti Biyoro, umwami w’u Mubari kandi amushyingira umukobwa we witwaga Nyabugondo. Bukeye Kigeri III atumira umukwe we Biyoro na Nyirabiyoro. Mu gihe bagiye kumureba, bagwa mu gico cy’abo kwa Kigeri III, Nyirabiyoro arafatwa, Biyoro ashobora kubacika ahungira i Karagwe. Kigeri III nibwo yihanije umwami w’i Karagwe, nuko uwo mwami atanga Biyoro, Kigeri III yica Biyoro n’umugabekazi Nyirabiyoro.
Itsindwa rya Ndorwa y’Abashambo
Kigeri III Ndabarasa yamaze gutsinda Ndorwa (akoresheje intambara), maze arahaba biratinda, ari ukugira ngo Ndorwa itabyutsa umutwe. Uwo mwami yaguye ku itabaro (yabaye nk’ukinduka, urwo yazize ntibaruvuga).

MIBAMBWE III MUTABAZI III SENTABYO (1792)

Ku ngoma ye itararengeje imyaka itanu, ni ho u Bugesera bwatsinzwe. U Burundi bwateye u Bugesera, butwara igice kimwe, u Rwanda narwo ruratera, rutwara igisigaye, n’uko ingoma y’Abahondogo iganzwa ityo.

MUTARA II RWOGERA (1830)

Mu Rwimo rwe ingabo z’u Burundi zateye u Rwanda zirutunguye zinjira bikabije mu gihugu mu Mvejuru. Abanyarwanda bazitaye mu rukubo barazitsemba. Igitero cya Mutara II Rwogera cyarwanyije abo barundi bacyise “Igitero cya Rwagetana”(kugeta bivuga gutema ugakuraho). Na none ku ngoma ya Rwogera, ni ho i Gisaka (cyari gitinyitse kugeza icyo gihe) cyagaruwe n’u Rwanda mu by’1850. Iryo tsindwa ryaturutse ku mpamvu ebyiri : iya mbere ni umwiryane mu bikomangoma by’i Gisaka watumye icyo gihugu cyicamo ibice bitatu : Migongo, Gihunya na Mirenge. Impamvu ya kabiri ni ubuhanga bwo kuboneza imirwano bwa Mutara II Rwogera : gutera intara za Gisaka imwe imwe, gutegura no kugaba igitero mu ibanga no kohereza yo ingabo z’indobanure : Ababito, Abashakamba, Imvejuru, Intaganzwa, Inzirabwoba, Urukamba n’Uruyange.

KIGERI IV RWABUGIRI (1860)

Uwo mwami yimye akiri muto (hagati y’imyaka irindwi n’icumi) ni yo mpamvu ibitero by’ibanze ari nyina Nyirakigeri Murorunkwere wabiyoboraga. Ku ngoma ye habaye ibitero byinci, ahanini byari bigamije guhamya ubutegetsi ahari haraguwe vuba, dore ingero : Ijwi, Ndorwa, Gisaka. Ikindi ibyo bitero byari bigamije ni ukwagura u Rwanda (ariko nta kiyongereyeho) mo kunyaga inka n’abaja.

Bimwe mu by’ingenzi biranga ingoma ye ni ibi : gukaza intambara zo kurengera no kwagura u Rwanda (yakundaga intambara, ku buryo mu bisingizo bye harimo icy’”Inkotanyi cyane” na “Rukayababisha”, gutunganya ubutegetsi bw’igihugu : imirwa hirya no hino, kudatinya kwica abakomeye kabone n’aho baba ari ibikomangoma nka Nkoronko, kwegera rubanda akabatoramo abatware b’abatoni no kugabira intwari iminyago).

• Ibiranga ingoma nyiginya n’ibishyitsi byayo

1. Ubwami n’umwami

Ubwami ngo bukomoka kuri “Gihanga cyahanze inka n’ingoma”. Dukurikije ibivugwa mu migani ku mavu n’amavuko y’Abatutsi (imigani bise ibirari) bavuga ko abasekuruza ba Gihanga bakomoka kuri Kigwa (ngo wamanutse mu ijuru). Naho umwami ngo si umuntu ni Imana, kandi ngo Rurema niyo imuhitamo. Hari n’amazina y’ibisingizo bamuhaga. Amwe ni aya : Umugabe (nyina akitwa umugabekazi), Nyiringoma, Nyirigihugu, Nyiringabo, Nyirinka, Nyabami (umwami w’abami), Nyagasani (utanga ihirwe cyangwa umugisha), Sugu (mu bisigo bivuga usumba byose), Nyamugirubutangwa (uca urubanza rudakuba). Umwami yagombaga gutegekana na nyina, nyina yaba atakiriho akagira umusimbura akaba nyina mu bwami (bigomba kuba byarabaga ighe cy’iyimikwa gusa, kuko Murorunkwere, nyina wa Rwabugiri, yapfuye ntihagire umusimbura).

2. Ibimenyetso by’ubwami (babyitaga ‘Inyonga’)

Ikirangabwami cy’ibanze cyari ingoma y’ingabe Karinga. Ngo ikirangabwami cy’ibanze ku ngoma ya Gihanga cyari inyundo, hanyuma kuri iyo ngoma himikwa urusengo (nka bene izi bavuza) rwitwaga Nyamiringa. Mu by’1950 urwo rusengo rwari rukiriho ibwami. Nyuma y’urwo rusengo, ngo Gihanga yimitse ingoma Rwoga aba ariyo iba ingabe. Ibyo byose ariko ni ngo baba babyitirira Gihanga ngo kuko Rubunga igisekuruza cy’abiru b’Abatege b’i Remera rya Kabagari ari igisekuruza cya 16 cya Sezibera, umwami uherutse w’abo biru wari ukiriho mu by’1970. Ngo ntaho ahuriye rero na Gihanga rero, n’ubwo bavuga ko ko ari we wahishuriye Gihanga ubwiru bwo mu Basinga n’ibyerekeye ingoma z’ingabe nka Rwoga. Iyo Rwoga yatwawe n’Abashi ighe Ndahiro II Cyamatare yishwe. Hanyuma hima ingabe Karinga bitirira Ruganzu II Ndori. Muri politiki y’ibwami, ingoma y’ingabe nka Karinga yasumbaga byose, igasumba n’umwami, kuko yagombaga kuyitabarira byaba ngombwa akayipfira.

Ibindi bimenyetso by’ubwami ni Inyundo (yo gucurisha) n’Umuriro. Ku byerekeye Inyundo baranavugaga ngo hariho “Inyundo yacuze Abami”. Naho umuriro wo wagombaga guhora ucanye, kuko washushanyaga “uburame” bw’ubwami. Mu mihango yo kwimika, umwami n’umugabekazi baherezwaga Inyundo, Karinga, Nyamiringa, ubushingo bwo gucana umuriro, kandi bakibutsa ko ubwo ari we wavukanye Imbuto (za zindi enye : Uburo, Amasaka, Isogi n’Inzuzi), agomba kugwiza uburumbuke mu gihugu.

3. Ibishyitsi by’ubutegetsi bwa cyami

Ibishyitsi (inkingi) by’ingenzi by’ubwami bw’Abanyiginya ni bitanu. Muri byo umuntu aribanda cyane cyane ku murongo wa politiki ya cyami.

Igishyitsi cya mbere ni inka : kuva kera cyane, zongeraga abagaragu (ubuhake), bityo ingabo zikiyongera, bigatuma nyirazo agira amaboko.

Icya kabiri ni ingabo zigomba kuba nyinci, zigomba no kuba ziyemeje gupfira Karinga.

Icya gatatu ni ikoro ryari rifite akamaro ku bulyo bubiri : hari ugutunga abadahinga bagashobora guhugukira politiki, imyidagaduro n’intambara kandi rigatuma abakobwa n’abagore b’imfura badakora imirimo ivunanye nko guhinga, kuvoma n’ibindi, hari no kugaragaza ko abatangaga ikoro bayobotse maze umwami akagabura ibya rubanda, maze agakunda akitwa “umunyabuntu”.

Icya kane ni ububasha bwo kwica ugakiza : umwami n’umugabekazi bari bafite uburenganzira bwo kwica no kuzimya inzigo.

Icya gatanu ni umurongo wa politiki ya cyami.

4. Umurongo wa politiki ya cyami

- Ku byerekeye ubwami

Ububasha n’ubutegetsi bwa cyami buri mu ngoma y’ingabe Karinga: bityo rero Karinga isumba umwami. Umwami si umuntu nk’abandi: ari ukwe kuko aba yaratowe na Rurema. Umwami asimburwa n’umuhungu we gusa kandi akava mu bwoko bw’Abanyiginya, banabita Abasindi ahari kuko bakomoka kuri Yuhi I Musindi, cyangwa Abaroba kuko kuko bakomoka ku mwami Ndoba.

- Ku byerekeye igihugu

Igihugu kigomba kwagurwa byanze bikunze. Iryo niryo shingiro ry’ibitero bigenewe kwagura igihugu. Mu by’ukuri kwari ugushaka gusubiranya igihugu kigari cya Gihanga cyari kigizwe n’u Rwanda, u Burundi, u Bushi, u Bugoyi, i Ndorwa, i Gisaka, u Bushubi…bikabumbirwa hamwe maze bigatwarwa n’umwuzukuruza wa Kanyarwanda ka “Gihanga Ngomijana”. Bityo rero “igihugu ni icy’umwe” (iyo yari imvugo yo mu bwiru).

- Imirimo y’ingenzi y’ubwami

Iyo mirimo yari igamije gutunganya ibi bikurikira : icya mbere ni uburumbuke bw’imyaka n’ubwororoke bw’abantu n’ubw’amatungo. Ibyo bikaba byari bishinzwe abami bitwa Mutara na Cyirima. Icya kabiri ni uburame bw’umwami bwagaragazwaga n’umuriro : umuhango wo gucana umuriro wari ushinzwe abami bitwaga Yuhi. Icya gatatu ni itabaro (ni ukuvuga kugaba ibitero no kurwana ku gihugu cyatewe): uwo wari umurimo w’abami bitwa Kigeri cyangwa Mibambwe (kera Ndahiro na Ruganzu babarirwaga muri abo).

- Umurongo wa politiki nyabami

Uwo murongo wagombaga kwamamazwa no gukwirakwizwa ibwami no muri rubanda. Ibwami wamamarizwaga mu bitekerezo, ubwiru, ubucurabwenge, ubusizi n’ibindi.

Ibitekerezo : Byavugaga amateka uko agomba gukurikirana, cyane amazina y’abami (ay’abatabashimishije ntabarirwemo : byagaragaye kuri Karemera Rwaka, sekuruza w’Abaka, no kuri Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa waguye ku Rucunshu).

Ubwiru : Bwari ubuhanga n’ubugenge bwo kugena politiki hamwe n’imihango ibushyigikira. Ubwiru kandi bwari ibanga rikomeye, bigatuma rubanda rwumirwa, rugashya ubwoba. Abiru barimo Abatutsi n’Abahutu. Abakijijwe cyane n’uwo mwuga, bakongeraho kuba intwari ku rugamba, baragororewe birabakiza, bityo begera imfura, ndetse bashyingira n’umwami. Ikindi ni uko abiru bose batareshyaga.

Ubucurabwenge : Bwarimo kurondora udasobwa amasekuruza y’abami (izina ry’ubwami n’irye bwite) n’ay’abagabekazi bakanavuga ubwoko bw’abo bagabekazi n’ubwa ba nyina. Baheraga ku mwami uriho bakarangiriza kuri Nkuba (ariwe Shyerezo) bagira bati : “ngaho iyo mwama mukuru wa Samukondo mu mizi yanyu mikuru”. Hari abavuga ko ubucurabwenge ari “Gotha” yo mu Rwanda: ni nk’igitabo gihuriza hamwe imiryango ikomoka ku bami n’iy’ababashyingiye (niyo bitaga iy’ibikomangoma, imfura cyangwa Abatutsi b’izina). Biragaragara ko ubucurabwenge bwarimo politiki yo kwironda no kwimenya. Na none abami batashimishaga barahanagurwaga, kuko Abatekereza b’ibwami bakuraga bene abo bami mu murongo wemewe, bagasa n’abatarigeze bategeka u Rwanda.

Ubusizi : Bwabarirwaga mu bwoko bw’imivugo yari igenewe gusingiza umwami (ibisigo), inka (amazina y’inka), intambara (ibyivugo n’indirimbo z’ingabo). Muri ubwo bwoko bw’ibyivugo, ubw’ingenzi mu gukwirakwiza ibitekerezo by’umurongo wa politiki ni ubw’ibisigo.

Mu magambo make, gusingiza umwami uhagaze n’abo yasimbuye kimwe n’ingoma Karinga, byagendaga ahanini mu bulyo bukurikira (ni zimwe mu ngingo dusanga mu bisigo) :
- Iyimikwa ry’umwami rirogezwa,
- Imirwa y’abami ikaratwa , ababangamiye umwami mu Rwanda bakamaganwa (ngo:“urabicembigambe”),
- Ikinnyego gihebya ababisha (b’ishyanga),
- Akamaro kagizwe kandi kagomba kugirwa n’abatabazi n’abacengeri,
- Umutsindo w’u Rwanda iyo rwateye amahanga,
- Amatiku, amahugu y’inka cyangwa inzuri n’amagomerane y’abantu umwe umwe cyangwa imiryango ibyo byose byabaye impamvu (intandaro) yo gusiga.

Umusizi yari umukozi w’ibwami wemewe. Kubera ibyo, akagira umwanya umugenewe mu mutambagiro wo mu mihango y’ubwiru (nko mu mihango yo kwimika umwami).

Muri rubanda, umurongo wa politiki wamamarizwaga mu migani no mu butegetsi bw’igihugu. Muri ubwo butegetsi, umwami yari afite abatware bamuhagarariye. Akenshi abatware bo mu rwego rwo hejuru (umutware w’ubutaka, umutware w’umukenke n’umutware w’ingabo) babaga ari Abatutsi. Ariko rero ku ngoma ya Rwabugiri, uwo mwami yagiye ashyiraho n’Abahutu yasangaga ari ingirakamaro kubera ubutwari cyangwa ikindi gikorwa gikwiriye ishimwe. Muri abo batware b’abahutu bo rwego rwo hejuru kandi babaye abatoni ku ngoma ya Rwabugiri, twavuga aba bakurikira : Bisangwa na murumuna we Sehene, Bikotwa, Runiga na mwene wabo Nyiriminega, Seruteganya, Nzigiye n’umuhungu we Rwatangabo, Rusine n’umuhungu we Rubindo, Ndarwubatse n’umuhungu we Kanyonyomba, Kazanenda, Ndongozi, Runyange, Mugenzi, Rubago, Ntamuhanga (i Bwisha inyuma y’ibirunga). Abo bose bakwirakwizaga icyubahiro n’ishema bikwiriye umwami.

Ingoma Ya Mutara II Rwogera (1802- 1853)

IGITERO CYA RWAGETANA

Ibitekerezo bivuga ko Mutara II Rwogera yimitswe akiri umwana ugihagatiye mu kigero cy’imyaka 7 kugera 12, bikanavuga ko yatanze ari umugabo w’ijigija mu kigero cy’imyaka 50 kugera 60.

Iyimikwa rye ryabereye I Murinja (Butare), ibwami bubaka I Mukingo hafi ya Mwanabili nibwo Ntare IV Rugamba w’I Burundi agabye mu Rwanda igitero gikomeye. Mu mezi ane yatandukanyaga ingoma ya Yuhi IV na Mutara II Rwogera; Ntare yateguraga mu gishanga cy’Akanyaru aho ingabo ze zizaca, yari yategetse abatware be ko bazatere mu nzora, ukwezi kugaragara kose mu kirere.

Iby’icyo gitero byari byatangajwe n’umutasi w’ibwami Ruhiso ariko yari yarabivuze mbere ku ngoma ya Gahindiro ntibibe bigeraho ntibahe agaciro ibyo yavugaga. Abibonye atyo ararira maze umugabekazi Nyiramavugo II Nyiramongi abibonye abwira abatware bari bashinzwe inkiko y’amajyepfo ati :” mbere umutasi wanjye yarabeshyaga ariko ntiyariraga, ubu noneho mugende mwitegure” abaha uruhushya rwo kujya ku rugerero.
Igitero kiba nkuko Ruhiso yari yabivuze.

Ingabo z’u Burundi zambuka inkiko ari nyinshi cyane mu ibanga rikomeye ngo abanyarwanda batabumva. Zari zategetswe kugenda zikagera I Mukingo maze bagatwika urugo rw’Ibwami abanyarwanda bataramenya uko bigenze. Ahari itsinzi y’abarundi mu bitero byo ku muharuro byatumye birara. Icyi gitero cyari kigiye kwereka ibihugu byombi ko ntagishobora gutera ikindi ngo kigere kure ko bigomba kugarukira ku bitero byo ku nkiko gusa.

Ingabo z’u Rwanda zamenye ko abarundi bambutse mu gitondo kandi abarundi bari baraye bambutse. Bahita babakurikira vuba, abarundi bari bagiye guhura n’ingabo nyinshi kuko abambere babo bari bageze I Gikoro hafi ya Buhimba (Butare) bahura n’ingabo zari zivuye ibwami zije kubasanganira, abarundi basubizwa inyuma. Ariko mu gusubira kwabo bahura n’abari bavuye ku nkiko nabo babakurikiye maze baragotwa bagire icyorezo gikomeye ntuhagira n’umwe utaha I Burundi.

Umugabekazi yari yabwiye abatwarebo ku nkiko ngo bitegure ariko Nyarwaya-Nyamutezi niwe wenyine wari wabihaye agaciro. Abarundi bagerageje guca hafi y’urugerero rwe bayobowe na Makungu wa Sebihuzenge nijoro basanga Nyarwaya yabiteguye ntihagira umurundi wambuka.

Igitero cyiswe “Rwagetana”. Byatewe nuko ingabo zari zivuye ibwami zahuye n’abari bahunze bavuye ku rugamba zirababaza ziti :”musize bimeze bite?” harimo umuntu w’igishegu wo mu mandwa arabasubiza ati :” dusize Rwagetana” ashaka kuvuga ko basize banigagurana. Igitero gifata izina gityo.
Iby’icyo gitero bihimbazwa n’abasizi benshi, habanje umusizi w’umurundi witwa Mitali ahimba ikitwa “Mpoze abarira” kuko mbere y’igitero Ntare IV Rugamba yari yashyingiye umukobwa we, maze umugabo atabaye mu Rwanda agwayo bikavugwa ko uwo mukobwa yababaye cyane ku buryo yanashatse kwiyahura. Iki gitero cyanahitanye n’umuhungu wa Mitali ubwe, igihugu cyose cyari mu kiriyo.

Abasizi b’abanyarwanda bo bahimbaga iby’ibyishimo, uwitwa Bamenya wa Ruhama yahimbye ikitwa “Imana zitabeshye nyirazo” ashaka kumvisha ko Mutara II Rwogera yari yatoranijwe n’Imana. Uwitwa Nyakayonga wa Musare ahimba ikitwa “ Numvise urwamo rw’impundu”, uwitwa Bikwakwanya ahimba ikitwa “Zabonye uko nshaka” na Rundusha ahimba ikitwa “Icyo barusha abandi bami”

URUPFU RWA RUGAJU RWA MUTIMBO

Umuhango w’ibwami wagenaga ko umwami yaziraga umurozi kandi ko uwo murozi agomba kubizira. Ku rupfu rwa Yuhi IV Gahindiro uwo bagennye ko ariwe wamuroze yari umutoni we Rugaju. Yari afite abanzi benshi cyane ariko akaba igihangage ntihagire umutinyuka, ibyo bamuregaga rero byari ukugirango bamuteranye bamwikize.

Bamuregaga ko yatumye Gahindiro arenga ko iteka ryari ryaraciwe na Cyilima II Rujugira ry’uko yari yaremereye umukobwa we Mitunga ko ntawe umukomokaho uzatangwa n’umwami. Ariko Bitorwa yari yarashwanye na Rugaju maze nawe ko yari umutoni cyane ahimbira Bitorwa icyaha atuma Gahindiro amutanga.

Ibwami bava I Mukingo bajya I Kamonyi bageze ku kagezi kitwa Mukukunguli ko mu mayaga bashaka kwegezayo abari bashyigikiye Rugaju baravuga bati :” abambuka nabasigiranye umubyeyi umwe abandi bajye kuzenguruka ku isoko y’umugezi”. Rugaju yari mu bambuka kuko se yari yarapfuye asigaranye nyina Mayange, mu bana be uwagombaga kwamuka yari Byate gusa kuko nyina yari yarapfuye.

Bamaze kwambuka ibwami bahagarara ahantu hitwa I Buye, bukeye Rugaju ahamagarwa ibwami ahageze arafatwa maze umuhungu we Byate abimenye dore ko yari intwari cyane ku rugamba aza ibwami yiruka n’ingabo n’amacumu abiri. Aza mu baraho batunguwe yinjira mu nzu aho umwami yari ari na nyina ashaka kubica ariko uwitwa Ndamutsa wa Nyarwaya-Nyamutezi wari urimo imbere nawe amutera icumu aramwica.

Abantu bamwe bashaka kurwanirira Rugaju, uwitwa Binumbili bya Mukeke afatanwa intwaro ariko aza kubabarirwa bitewe n’amagambo meza yavuze yiregura. Rugaju ahabwa Bitunganyi bya Sengati wari umwanzi we wa mbere mu gihe bategereje ko akatirwa urwo gupfa.

Ariko ibyo ntibyabaye kuko umukwe we witwa Karega ka Kaligata yabashije kubona uruhushya rwo kumuha umuhoko, amaze kuwunywa arapfa atandangaye imbere y’abanzi be.

Karega ntibyamutera ikibazo kuko umwe mu bagore be yari murumuna w’umugabekazi.

Ibya Rugaju byagabanywe n’abatware benshi aribyo byatumye avuga ngo :”icyo nzize ni uko umwami yari afite abashonji benshi” umuryango we barawica basigaza umuntu umwe gusa umuhungu we Bicakungeli, yari uwo kujya aterekera se. aho I Buye yafatiwe hahindurirwa izina hitwa “Gashirabwoba” kubwo hatinyutse kwakira intumbi ya Rugaju n’ubuhangage bwe.

INTEGO Y’INGOMA : KWIGARURIRA I GISAKA

IGITERO CYO MU KARAMINWE

mu ntangiriro z’ingoma ya Rwogera I Gisaka cyari mu bihe bibi, kuva Ntamwete agarutse ku butegetsi yashatse gutegeka I Gisaka cyose ariko Mushongore wategekaga Migongo aranga we yashakaga ko buri wese agumana igice cye. Ntamwete atera Mushongore ariko aratsindwa atsindirwa ahitwa Kizoke. Ni muri ibyo bihe bibi I Gisaka cyari kigiye guterwa n’u Rwanda.

Ibitekerezo bivuga imitwe yari igiye gutabara I Gisaka harimo :
1) Aabakwiye-Umwami bakundaga kwita “Abakwiye” nibo barindaga Mutara II bakagira amatorero atatu ariyo Abakwiye , Urugangazi n’Impezamihigo. Bagategekwa n’igikomangoma Rwabika wa Yuhi IV.
2) Inzirabwoba bakagira itorero rya mbere ryitwa Inzirabwoba hakaza Itanganika n’intagwabira. Bagatwarwa n’igikomangoma Nkoronko. Ariko agategekerwa na Muganza wa Mutemura kuko Nkoronko yari akiri umwana.
3) Uruyange rwatwarwaga na Rugaju amaze gupfa ruhabwa Rwakagara, rukagira amatorero atatu Uruyange, Urugangazi n’ijuru
4) Intanganzwa zigatwarwa na Marara ya Munana
5) Abashakamba ba Nkusi ya Yuhi IV
6) Imvejuru ba Nyarwaya-Urutesi wa Byavu wari waraguye I Burundi ku Muharuro
7) Abakemba ba Rwihimba wa Kabaka nawe waguye I Burundi uyu mutwe kuva ku ngoma ya Cyilima II barwanaga n’I Gisaka cyane nibo bari bahazi kurusha abandi.
8) Ababito bagatwarwa na Nyankiko wa Rugambwa

Iyo mitwe niyo yarigiye gutabara I Gisaka.

Ibwami bamaze kurangiza ibya Rugaju, bahamagaza izo ngabo zose ngo zitabare I Gisaka zerekeza zose iburasirazuba. Bari bagennye ko bagomba gutera I Gihunya cyayoborwa na Ntamwete bagatekereza ko Mirenge na Migongo bizahita byitanga ako kanya. Bari babizi ko bacitsemo ibice bakanga kubaterera rimwe ngo badahuza imbaraga bakabarwanya bose.

Abatasi b’I Gisaka babamenyesha ko batewe bohereza ingabo nyinshi I Kirwa imbere y’urugerero rwa Munyaga. Ntamwete ntiyari afite ingabo nyinshi, harimo Imanzi, Abarasa n’Abadahigwa.

Uwari uyoboye igitero yari Nyankiko wa Rugambwa, amaze kwambuka u Buganza azenguruka Muhazi agana amajyaruguru bajya gushinga urugerero muri za Gahini-Rukara-Kawangire. Abanyagisaka bariruhutsa barataha bakeka ko izo ngabo ziteye Ndorwa. Ariko bamaze umunsi baruhuka nijoro batera I Gihunya gitunguwe baranyagwa barahatwika batabashije kugira icyo bakora. Icyo gitero kitwa “Karaminwe” byavugaga mu Kinyarwanda cya kera guhuza ibiganza nk’ikimenyetso cy’agahinda. Aribyo abanagisaka bakoze babona igihugu cyabo gitwikwa ntacyo babikozeho.

IGITERO CYO KU RUSUSA N’ AMAHANO Y’I NYARUHONI

Aho ku Rususa ni mu kibaya Ntamwete yari yahungiyemo, cyarimo ibiti byinshi babikozemo nk’urugo barindiraga mo imbere. Yari afite inka y’inyambo yitwaga “Ikotaniro” aza kuvuga ati :” Rwogera nabasha kunyaka ikotaniro nzamenya ko andusha imbaraga”. Ibyo biza kugera ibwami mu Rwanda maze bategura igitero simusiga cyagombaga kwambura Ntamwete ikotaniro akamenya ko Rwogera amurusha imbaraga.

Iyo nka batatandukanga bari kumwe muri icyo kibaya cya Rususa. Ingabo z’u Rwanda zitera zihazengurutse zibasha kurenga imyugariro yabo Ntamwete abona nahaguma ari bufatwe mpiri, atanga itegeko ry’uko basohora iyo nka itunguka mu Ruyange rwayoborwaga na Giharamagara wa Rwakagara. Imaze gufatwa bamenyesha indi mitwe maze bahagarika imirwano yari itagifite akamaro.

Ibyo twe dushobora kubona nta kamaro kanini byari bifite mu bwiru Ntamwete yari yateje ikibazo gikomeye azana iby’ikotaniro ku buryo bagombaga kuyimwaka byanze bikunze.

Itsinzi y’ingabo z’u Rwanda yatumye abaturage bo ku nkiko y’I Gisaka bakeka ko bashobora kujya kunyaga mu Gisaka uko bashatse barikora bayobowe na Baziga w’igikomangoma Rubaba bajya kunyaga I Nyaruhoni bagezeyo abanyagisaka barabagota barabica ntibarokora n’umwe. Hapfamo Baziga wari ubayoboye na Imomo wa Ndoli na Ncambirwa wa Nyulira wa Kabaka, hapfamo na Muhenda wa Rwamuhanda, Rubare rwa Bikorimana.

NTAMWETE YIFATANYA NA RUSHENYI

Twakwibaza impamvu abanyarwanda batafashe Ntamwete mu gihe byagaragaraga ko yatsinzwe, ntabwo byari ugupfa kwigarurira igihugu cyangwa gufata umuntu ukomeye byagombaga kubanza kuragurizwa. Tuzi ko ku ngoma ya Mibambwe II hari hoherejwe umutabazi w’umucengeli I Gisaka, igikomangoma Semucumisi bisa nkaho icyo gitambo cyari gifite cyari icyo kuri iyo ngoma gusa kuko ibwami bagennye kohereza undi witwa Ntabyera.

Ibitekerezo bivuga izina ry’uwahubutse akamwica, yitwaga Semusambi, umuhungu we Bagabo yari mu ntwari z’ingoma ya Rwabugili). Imyambaro ya Ntabyera ikomeje kubayobera babwirwa n’umunyarwanda wari warahungie I Gisaka witwa Bihembe bya Ruyumbu ko bishe umutabazi maze kwa Ntamwete barababara cyane kuko umutabazi bitari ibyago gusa ahubwo byanasobanuraga ko bya bitero bitari ibyo kunyaga gusa ko ahubwo aribyo kwigarurira I Gisaka.

Nyuma yaho gato hari ikindi kintu cyaje gutera inkeke kwa Ntamwete, abanyarwanda bohereje umuntu aragenda nijoro acukura akobo ku ka rubanda kwa Ntamwete I Birenga maze ahambamo inyamaswa yakoreshwaga mu kuraguza ( umushwi ) wari wereye kwigarurira I Gisaka. Arahatwikira ahatera igiti akwizaho ingwa aho hose.

Babimenyesha Ntamwete mu gitondo aza kureba ubwo butumwa bw’abanyarwanda, abajyanama be bamugira inama y’uko babijyana bakabijugunya ahandi maze arabyanga ababwira ati :” mubijyanye kubijugunya ahandi byaba ari ukubitambagiza mu gihugu kandi mubitwitse igihugu cyose cyabihumeka ahubwo mubirekere aha bizagende uko Imana izabishaka”. Icyo giti bahateye cyaje kuvamo igiti cy’inganzamarumbo bakita “ imana ya Rwogera” nicyo kerekana aho Ntamwete yari atuye.

Kuko ibitero byose by’u Rwanda byibandaga ku Gihunya byaje kuhateza inzara maze Ntamwete yategetse Rushenyi watwaraga Mirenge kugira ibyo yohereza I Gihunya. Rushenyi ntiyamwemerera maze Ntamwete ashaka kumuhana atwara uduce tumwe twa Mirenge atwomeka ku Gihunya, Rushenyi ibyo nabyo arabyanga maze bararwana, Ntawete atsinda Rushenyi ahungira mu Rwanda. Aza ibwami akeza Mutara II Rwogera. U Rwanda narwo rumwemera nk’umutware nyawe wa Mirenge rukora uko rushoboye ngo rumusubizeho. Cyari igikorwa cya mbere mu kwigarurira I Gisaka.

IGITERO CYO MU KARWIMO

Hari muri icyo gihe cy’imirwano agace k’I Gihunya abanyarwanda batashoboraga kugera mo kitwaga I Bwilili kari hagati y’Akagera n’ibiyaga bya Sake na Mugesera, kugira ngo kagerwemo byasabaga kwambuka uciye ku butaka buto nabwo bwari ishyamba gusa hakikijwe n’ibyo biyaga byombi. Iryo shyamba ryari ryaratezwe mo imitego ku buryo kuryambuka byari bigoranye. Hari inzira yo kunyurwamo n’abagore n’abana n’amatungo bakagera aho bahungira ubundi inzira igafungwa ku buryo abantu bake cyane babaga bahagije kugirango bakubita incuro umutwe w’ingabo. Niyo mpamvu aho hantu Umutamenwa . Abanyarwanda bari baziko umunsi babashije kuhatsinda Ntamwete azaba atsinzwe birangiye ariko ntibabonaga uko babigenza.

Ariko byahinduye isura igihe Rushenyi yayobotse Mutara II. Yari azi uko Umutamenwa wazengurukwa maze ibyawurindaga bikaba imfabusa. Asaba ko we ubwe yayobora igitero; imitwe myinshi y’ingabo yagombaga kujya ku rugerero rw’I Munyaga nkuko byari bisanzwe, maze ingabo z’I Gisaka zikajya kuzisanganira I Kirwa, maze igitero cy’abanyarwanda nyakuri kigaca mu ishyamba ry’urukaryi zigatunguka mu Bwilili zinyuze mu Karwimo, ahantu abanyarwanda batari bazi kugeza ubwo, hagati y’Akagera n’agace k’iburengerazuba k’ikiyaga cya Mugesera.

Icyo gitero gihabwa imitwe y’ingabo y’Abashakamba ba Nkusi n’ Imvejuru za Nyarwaya-Urutesi. Ako gace gafatwa nta nkomyi maze hanyagwa iminyago myinshi n’abagore n’abana benshi bibazaga ko bari mu buhungiro. Umutamenwa watewe uturutswe inyuma urasenywa abawurindaga batunguwe barahashirira. Izo ngabo zivuye mu Bwilili zituruka I Gihunya amajyaruguru n’amajyepfo zitwika ibyo zihuye nabyo zerekeza Mirenge.

Ingabo zari I Kirwa zumvise ko umutamenwa wasenywe zimanuka zisanganira iyo mitwe ibiri urugamba rubera ahitwa mu Kavogo mu nsi ya Zaza ariko ingabo z’u Rwanda zari I Munyaga nazo zari zamanutse zikurikiye abanyagisaka ibi bikaba byari byateguwe na mbere hose. Kugira ngo batagoterwa impande zose abanyagisaka barahunga maze abanyarwanda baba batsinzwe icyo gitero.

NTAMWETE ARICWA YASABAGA KUYOBOKA

Ntamwete yabonye ko ntakindi yari gukora ashaka guhungira I Burundi ajyana n’ingabo ze bageze mu nzira aribaza ati :” kubera iki nahungira I Burundi? Nyobotse Rwogera mushyiriye ibi byose ntiyankiza?” amaze kubyumvikanaho n’abatware be barahindukira bagera ahitwa Vumwe. Aho niho yoherereje intumwa kuri Rutebuka wari warasimbuye se Ku butware bw’Abakemba. Rutebuka yari I Munyaga Ntamwete amutumaho ati :” Ndashaka icyakiro” Rutebuka nawe abimenyesha ibwami bari I Kaganza ( Gitarama)

Umugabekazi yari abyishimiye ashaka ko Ntamwete aza akayoboka umwami ariko abiru bo bari bafite ibindi bakurikaza. Ntabwo umuntu nkuwo yari kwakirwa bataraguje indagu ibabwira ko Atari uwo kwakirwa ahubwo ari uwo kwicwa. Iyo indagu itabyemeza bari gushaka uburyo bwose bamwegeza kure y’igihugu bashakaga kwigarurira.

Kwiyicwa rya Ntamwete indagu igena Rutebuka we ubwe ko ariwe wagombaga kumwica. Bategura ibirori byo gushuka Ntamwete ku buryo Rutebuka yagombaga kujyana n’ingabo zimuherekeje, batuma kuri Ntamwete ko Rwogera yishimiye kumwakira ko Rutebuka azaza bagahurira ku nkiko ngo bategure iby’urwo rugendo bamubwira aho bagombaga guhurira hari I Bukinamisakura hafi ya Nyamigende. Umunsi ugeze Ntamwete asiga Abarasa kuri Kirwa ati :” nimusigare hano ndababwira nibitungana muze” aherekezwa n’itorero Imanzi ryari rigizwe n’abagabo bo mu kigero cye.

Baricara baraganira bigeze aho Rutebuka arahaguruka amutera icumu biba ikimenyetso abandi nabo bica abari baherekeje Ntamwete, barangije batera I Birambi bashaka kurwana n’Abarasa nabo bababonye bamenya ibyari bimaze kuba bahunga batarwanye. Bahungira kwa Mushongore umutware w’I Migongo.

I GISAKA KIGARURIRWA

Abarasa batwarwaga na Kabaka ka Kayagiro, Mushongore yari yabakiriye neza ariko bajya inama basanga n’ubundi Mushongore ariwe wari bukurikireho bagena kuyoboka Rwogera bakamusaba ko basubira mu byabo mu Gihunya kitari kigifite intambara. Ntamwete amaze gupfa I Gihunya cyahawe Nyamwesa imfura ya Mutara II Rwogera, mu gihe Mirenge yashubijwe Rushenyi. Abarasa bohereza abantu 50 muri bo kujya kuvuga ko bayobotse. Bakirwa neza, Kabaka ahabwa inka 50 uwo bazanye wese ahabwa inka 5 bahabwa yari kuvuzwa bikaba ikimenyetso cy’uko bayobotse. Kabaka agirwa uwungirije Nyamwesa mu gutwara I Gihunya. Abanyarwanda bakuye abagore mu Gisaka bategekwa kubaha Kabaka akazabasubiza abagabo babo usibye abazanywe ari abakobwa.

Hari hasigaye Migongo gusa itari iteje ikibazo k’u Rwanda, Mushongore abibona kare aza kuyoboka bivugwa ko amaze kwambuka u Buganza, Rukaryi n’u Bwanacyambwe ageze ku musozi wa Kigali yabajije ati :” urwo rugo rwa Rwogera ruba he?” baramusubiza bati :” ihangane haracyabura iminsi itatu kugirango uhagere” nawe ati :” Igihugu kinini gutya iyo tubimenya twari kuyoboka tutarwanye”.

Azana ibwami n’abahungu be babiri Rugaga na Rwagaju wasaga n’umwami cyane ibyo bituma umwami amukunda cyane muri gahunda ye yo kwigarurira I Gisaka ashyingira Rugaga umukobwa wa Nkusi witwa Kazuba. Mushongore nawe ashyingira umukobwa we Cyomunyana amushyingira Nkoronko.

Ariko ibyo abanyarwanda babikoraga kugira ngo barebe ko Mushongore yabahishurira aho ingoma ngabe y’I Gisaka “Rukurura” iri ubundi I Gisaka kikaba gifashwe bidasubirwaho. Mushongore nawe amaze kubimenya asanga ariwe waba utanze igihugu asaba uruhushya asubira mu Gisaka ariyimika ahamagarira abanyagisaka kurwanya umunyarwanda.

Rwogera abimenye ahamagaza Rugaga na Rwagaju bari basigaye I Kaganza buri wese amuha icumu ryiza umuheto bihitiyemo n’imyambi umunani ati :” Mushongore yagomye nimusigara hano nkamutsinda azavuga ko yatsinzwe kuko mutari muhari, nimugende mumubwire ko nje”. Abaha ababarinda babageza ku nkiko.

I Gihunya cyari cyizi intambara y’abanyarwanda nticyayoboka Mushongore mu bwigomeke bwe; Mirenge nayo yatwarwaga na Rushenyi wari warayobotse ntiyamukurikira. Igitero cyarebaga Migongo gusa, Inzirabwobwa za Nkoronko n’Imvejuru za Rugereka wari wazunguye Nyarwaya-Urutesi batera Migongo baturuka amajyaruguru naho Abashakamba ba Nkusi n’Abakwiye ba Rwabika batera baturutse Kibungo aba bakaba bari bayobowe na Kabaka ka Kayagiro Mushongore ntiyabasha kubahagarika ahungira I Bujinja aho yaguye nyuma y’imyaka ibiri. Migongo ihabwa Nkoronko.

Rukurura ntiyaboneka mu muco I Gisaka cyari cyaratsinzwe hategerejwe ko gifatwa bya nyabyo ingoma yacyo ibonetse.

Ibitekerezo bivuga ibindi bitero byagiye biba ku ngoma ya Rwogera nk’ibyo mu Ndorwa n’u Bunyabungo ariko icyari kigamijwe cyane cyari I Gisaka. Igitero cy’ibunyabungo kwa Makombe cyo cyatewe n’uko Nkusi yari yahize Imvejuru, maze umutware wazo Nyarwaya-Urutesi amusubiza ko bagena igitero cyikabakiranura. Itorero ry’intwari ryo mu Mvejuru ryari ” Impama” zari zigiye kurushanwa n’Imbungiramihigo. Imbugiramihigo ziratsinda nyuma y’uko Impama zikubitiwe incuro n’abanyabungo.

ITANGA RY’UMWAMI N’IBIBAZO BYATEJE MU BWIRU.

I Gisaka gitsindwa, Mutara II yari arwaye igituntu ari cyo yazize. Twakwibutsa ko abami b’amazina Mutara na Cyilima bari “abami b’inka” yagombaga gukora umuhango wo mu bwiru “inzira y’ishora”, agatabaza umugogo wa Cyilima ubundi akarangiriza iminsi ye mu Bwanacyambwe nawe umugogo we ukazajyanwa I Gaseke. Ariko ibyo byagombaga kuba ariko umuhungu we wagombaga kumusimbura yabaga ari mukuru bihagije kandi umugabekazi yaratanze.

Icyambere cyo cyari cyaramaze kuba ariko icya kabiri kiragorana cyane. Iyo ndwara ikigaragara umugabekazi ntiyashatse kubyumva kuko yateganyaga kurama uko ashoboye; umwami n’abiru bagena kumuha uburozi buri mu kinyobwa boherezayo umutware Semuzigura wa Rubona ngo azabumuhe. Ariko umugabekazi amutegeka kubunywa buramuhitana. Boherezayo Nyarwaya-Urutesi akihagera nawe aramubwira ngo abanze anyweho. Umutware amusaba akanya ko kujya kubwira umwami ibyanyuma, umwami amutegeka kudasubirayo ariko aranga avuga ko yabyemereye umugabekazi aragenda aranywa arapfa.

Kuva icyo gihe ntihagira umubano wongera kuba hagati y’umwami n’umugabekazi. Abami bitwa Mutara nibo bari bemerewe kugena amazina y’amoko n’imiryago izatanga abagabekazi kubw’ibyo Mutara II n’abiru bafata ibyemezo bibiri : 1) kuko umugabekazi yateshutse ku nshingano ze ubwoko bwe ntibuzongere gutanga abagabekazi ingoma 7 zari gukurikiraho. 2) kuko ibyo gutabaza umugogo wa Cyilima bitari bigishobotse kandi byaragombaga gukorwa na ba Mutara gusa, Yuhi wari kuzakiriho ntiyari bukirirwe na Cyilima ahubwo Mutara kugirango azabe ariwe ubikora.

Mu gihe icya kabiri kitari giteje ikibazo, icyambere cyo cyari giteje ikibazo gikomeye cyane ku mafuti yakozwe na Mutara II ubwe n’uwari ugiye kumusimbura wabyongereye ubukana.

Mu gihe umwami yari asigaje igihe gito, Kabego umwami wo ku Ijwi yohereza amakoro nkuko byari bisanzwe ibwami baraguje, indagu ntiyemeza ko bayakira bayasubizayo maze Kabego ararakara atangaza ko yigometse nta mubano azongera kugirana n’umwami w’u Rwanda.

Ibwami bohereza igitero I Ndorwa ariko umwami atanga kigeze mu nzira ahitwa I Hunga muri Buyaga bahita bagaruka, igitero kitwa icy’I Hunga.

Umwami yari yategetse ko batagomba kuvuga inkuru y’itanga rye kwa nyina. Rwakagara musaza w’umugabekazi aramunywesha nawe aratanga. Ubwiru ntibwemeraga ko akomeza kubaho nyuma y’umuhungu we.

Yatanze muri Kamena atabarizwa I Rutare hejuru ku musozi wa Rambura.

IMICO YA MUTARA II RWOGERA

Bivugwa ko Mutara II yari umugabo utuje atandukanye cyane na nyina utaravugirwagamo. Ntijyaga aha agahenge umutwa witwa Ukizuru wari ushinzwe kwica abo atanze kuko buri gihe yabaga hari uwo yatanze. Rimwe umugabekazi yatanze uwitwa Buhake wari umupfumu w’ibwami wari utuye I Kirengo, Ukizuru amujyana yitwaje ishoka ye aho yari agiye kumwicira, mu nzira bahura na Rwogera avuye mu muhigo maze abaza Buhake ati :” urajya he uherekejwe na Ukizuru?” undi ati :” urabibona ibimbayeho, ngiye kwicwa, reka nkugire inama genda ugabane n’umugabekazi abantu maze abe abamare abawe basigarane amahoro” umwami aramusubiza ati :”ngwino tugende ndagukijije ni wowe uzaba uwambere mu bantu banjye”.

Hari ubundi nabwo uwitwa Nyiramakuza wa Sempabwa yigeze kuza gutura inka Rwogera, umugabekazi nawe ahari, maze Nyiramakuza abwira umwami ati :” iyo umuntu akoze igikorwa cy’ubutwari yakira inka umwami cyangwa umutware we amuha y’ishimwe. Iyo ari umwami ugikoze azihabwa n’abatware be cyangwa ababanye na se. Nanjye rero nabanye ndi mubabanye na Gahindiro none nguhaye inka ku bw’igikorwa cy’ubutwari wakoze” umwami ati :” iyi nka ni nziza cyane ndayishimye ariko se ni ikihe gikorwa cy’ubutwari nakoze?” Nyiramakuza aramusubiza ati :”wabaye mu nda ya Nyiramavugo amezi icumi kabone induru n’umushiha bihaba uranga uvamo atabikwanduje. Urongera wonka amashereka ye nayo ntiyakwanduza uwo mushiha, uza uri uw’imico myiza, icyo ni cyo gikorwa cy’ubutwari wakoze.” Abari aho bose baraturika baraseka biratinda. Kuva ubwoNyiramavugo yajya ajya gutera hejuru akabanza akamenya ko Nyiramakuza Atari hafi aho.

Rwogera yajya akunda kurambagira igihugu atambaye nk’umwami akajya kure akageraho agahagarara akabaza abaturage asanze ku nzira uko babona umwami ngo yumve uko bamufata. Abari bamuzi nabo bakigira nkaho batamuzi bakamusubiza. Umugabo umwe wari umuzi atuye mu Rukaryi arahagarara ngo amusubize yumva umwami amubaza ati :” iwanyu aho mutuye bavuga iki k’umwami?” undi aramusubiza ati :”iwacu umwami bavuga ko ari umuntu mwiza ari bamuhimba izina ry’Inpfana-kayo” bisobanura ko atita ku bimureba by’ingenzi. Amuha urugero rw’uwitwa Ruzirampuhwe rwa Remera umugabekazi yari amaze guhana bikomeye kubera ubucuti bwe n’umwami maze umwami ntiyagira icyo abikoraho ngo akize umuntu we.

Bigaragara ko Mutara II atagiraga ijambo imbere ya nyina, kuko ahari yimitswe akiri umwana agakura ategekerwa na nyina ntiyabasha kumwiyaka. Umugabekazi yari yaramurekeye izina ry’ubwami gusa maze ububasha nyabwo abwihera Nkoronko aba ari nkawe utegeka u Rwanda.

Ukwo gutegekwa na Nyina kwa Rwogera byamukoresheje amafuti yari agiye kwishyurwa n’ingoma ikurikira. Nyiramavugo yihesheje ububasha abinyujije ku muhungu we utaragiraga icyo amuhakanira bwo kubwirwa ubwiru amaze kubumenya anasaba ko babubwira musaza we Rwakagara kandi cyaraziraga ko ubwiru bumenywa n’abantu bo mu bwoko bw’ibibanda kugira ngo hatazagira ikibazo kivuka mu gukurikirana kw’ingoma.

Amaze kumenya ubwiru ashaka kubukoresha m nyungu z’ubwoko bwe ntiyatuma umwami ashaka undi mugore wo mu bibanda utari umwegakazi kugira ngo ingoma itazava mu bega kandi ubundi ingoma yakurikiraga yagombaga kujya mu bakono. Ariko abiru nabo bashakisha indi nzira yo gushyingira umwami umugore w’umukonokazi ku buryo Nyiramavugo Atari bumenye. Uw’indagu yerekanye ari Murorunkwere wa Mitali bamushyingira Nkoronko nawe azi ko ari ibisanzwe, ariko hashize igihe bashyigiranywe babwira Nkoronko ngo atabare ku nkiko ya ruguru hari abahima bateye ajya ku rugerero rw’I Hunga. Muri icyo gihe yaragiye Rwogera kajya ajya gusura Murorunkwere babyarana umwana, batumaho Nkoronko ngo aze yite izina akeka ko ari uwe amwita “Sezisoni”.

Umwana amaze kwigira hejuru umwami asaba murumuna we Nkoronko ati :”nkunda umwana wawe Sezisoni kandi nawe ukunda uwanjye Rukangankagwe none nduhinduranye” Nkoronko arabyemera. Imigambi ya Nyiramavugo baba bayiburijemo kuko atakegaga umwana nkuwo yaba umwami.

Mutara II yangaga murumuna we Nkoronko kuko nyina yari yamwambuye ububasha akabumuha. Yashatse kugira icyo abikoraho ariko ntiyabishobora. Ariko umugabekazi aza kumuha amahirwe yo kwihimura atabizi.

Amatsiko ya Nyiramavugo yatumye ashaka kumenya uwari kuzamusimbura umwami ajya kubibaza Karamira ka Vuninka wari umukuru w’umuryango w’abatsobe akaba ari nawe wakurikiraga mu cyubahiro umwami n’umugabekazi. Nyiramavugo yari azi neza ko Karamira abizi ariko nawe amubwira ko azamusubiza amaze kubaza umwe muri bagenzi be. Umugabekazi akaba aziko bibujijwe kuganira n’umwiru nta wundi muntu uhari aranga abirengaho. Abo biru bajya kubibwira Mutara II nawe arababwira ati :” arashaka kubimenya akajya kubibwira Nkoronko, mumubwire ko ari imfura yanjye Nyamwesa” uyu Nyamwesa yakundanaga cyane na Nkoronko atazi ko se amwanga, umwami arabwira ati :” bityo Nkoronko azaba yibeshye kandi muzakore ku buryo azavuga ko abizi kugira ngo uzankurikira azamutange apfe”.

Bigenda uko babiteguye babeshya Nyiramavugo nawe ajya kubibwira Nkoronko nkuko bari babyiteze ati :” ingoma izaguma mu bwoko bwacu kandi Nyamwesa niwe uzima none rero mukomeze ubucuti mufitanye” iyo niyo ngoma ya Mutara II Rwogera mu byiza n’ibibi byayo.

URUPFU RWA RUGAJU RWA MUTIMBO

URUPFU RWA RUGAJU RWA MUTIMBO

Umuhango w’ibwami wagenaga ko umwami yaziraga umurozi kandi ko uwo murozi agomba kubizira. Ku rupfu rwa Yuhi IV Gahindiro uwo bagennye ko ariwe wamuroze yari umutoni we Rugaju. Yari afite abanzi benshi cyane ariko akaba igihangage ntihagire umutinyuka, ibyo bamuregaga rero byari ukugirango bamuteranye bamwikize.

Bamuregaga ko yatumye Gahindiro arenga ko iteka ryari ryaraciwe na Cyilima II Rujugira ry’uko yari yaremereye umukobwa we Mitunga ko ntawe umukomokaho uzatangwa n’umwami. Ariko Bitorwa yari yarashwanye na Rugaju maze nawe ko yari umutoni cyane ahimbira Bitorwa icyaha atuma Gahindiro amutanga.

Ibwami bava I Mukingo bajya I Kamonyi bageze ku kagezi kitwa Mukukunguli ko mu mayaga bashaka kwegezayo abari bashyigikiye Rugaju baravuga bati :” abambuka nabasigiranye umubyeyi umwe abandi bajye kuzenguruka ku isoko y’umugezi”. Rugaju yari mu bambuka kuko se yari yarapfuye asigaranye nyina Mayange, mu bana be uwagombaga kwamuka yari Byate gusa kuko nyina yari yarapfuye.

Bamaze kwambuka ibwami bahagarara ahantu hitwa I Buye, bukeye Rugaju ahamagarwa ibwami ahageze arafatwa maze umuhungu we Byate abimenye dore ko yari intwari cyane ku rugamba aza ibwami yiruka n’ingabo n’amacumu abiri. Aza mu baraho batunguwe yinjira mu nzu aho umwami yari ari na nyina ashaka kubica ariko uwitwa Ndamutsa wa Nyarwaya-Nyamutezi wari urimo imbere nawe amutera icumu aramwica.

Abantu bamwe bashaka kurwanirira Rugaju, uwitwa Binumbili bya Mukeke afatanwa intwaro ariko aza kubabarirwa bitewe n’amagambo meza yavuze yiregura. Rugaju ahabwa Bitunganyi bya Sengati wari umwanzi we wa mbere mu gihe bategereje ko akatirwa urwo gupfa.

Ariko ibyo ntibyabaye kuko umukwe we witwa Karega ka Kaligata yabashije kubona uruhushya rwo kumuha umuhoko, amaze kuwunywa arapfa atandangaye imbere y’abanzi be.

Karega ntibyamutera ikibazo kuko umwe mu bagore be yari murumuna w’umugabekazi.

Ibya Rugaju byagabanywe n’abatware benshi aribyo byatumye avuga ngo :”icyo nzize ni uko umwami yari afite abashonji benshi” umuryango we barawica basigaza umuntu umwe gusa umuhungu we Bicakungeli, yari uwo kujya aterekera se. aho I Buye yafatiwe hahindurirwa izina hitwa “Gashirabwoba” kubwo hatinyutse kwakira intumbi ya Rugaju n’ubuhangage bwe.

IGITERO CYO MU KANYWILILI

24. Igitero Cyo Mu Kanywilili

Iki gitero ni icya kabiri mu bitero byo mu bunyabungo, kikaba icya cumi na kabiri mu bitero bya Rwabugili. Icyo gitero Rwabugili yagiteje I Bunyabungo afite umugambi wo guhora kuko igihe ateye ku Buntubuzindu kwa Byaterana ingabo ze zahagiriye icyorezo agatabaruka ababaye. Yagiye rero yiteguye guhora kuko yari yamenyeko Abanyabungo bakomeye ureke ubwo yabasuzuguraga mbere. Ni cyo cyatumye atezayo ingabo nyinshi abonako zahashobora. Imitwe yatejwe I Bunyabungo muri icyo gihe ni : Ingangurarugo, Inshozamihigo n’Ibisumizi, ari yo mitwe y’ibwami, Abashakamba ba kabiri ari bo : Inyambo n’Imbungiramihigo, umutware wabo yari Muhamyangabo, Uruyange za Nyamushanja ya Rwakagara waguye muri iryo  tabaro, Intanganzwa za Nyilimigabo na we yapfanye na Nyamushanja, Abasharangabo za Nyagahinga, Inzirabwoba za Nkundiye, Imbanzamihugo za Ntizimira, Inzirabwoba n’Abarekezi za Nkundakozera ya Butare. Abarasa ba Kabaka b’I Gisaka ari bo Intwari, Inkotanyi n’Izikabungo, Inyange ari bo Injyamubiri, Abasoni, Amatare, Itanganika n’Abarasa.

Ubwo hari hashize umwaka umwe nyuma y’igitero cyo ku Buntubuzindu. Icyo gihe cyo ntaragatera aturutse muri icyo cyerekezo rwose, kereka umurari umwe wari kumwe na Zimulinda umugaba w’icyo gitero ni wo wambutse Rusizi womokera hafi y’I Bukavu. Icyo gitero cyagombaga gutera Akanywilili mu majyaruguru yahoo. Naho umurari wa kabiri warimo Nyilimigabo na Nyamushanja wambukiye kuri Rusizi, ku rutare rwitwa Ruhindu. Igitero cyagombaga gutera mu Kanywilili giturutse amajyepfo yahoo ni cyo cyabanje gukubitana n’Abanyabungo, bagisakirana Abanyarwanda baraneshwa, Nyilimigabo na Nyamushanja bagwa rugikubita. Abanyabungo bari baramenye ko Rwabugili azagaruka kubattera bituma na bo bamwitegura bihagije.

Abatware bo mu Bunyabungo bose bari barashinze urugerero hafi yo mu Kanywilili, kandi bakora n’inama y’uburyo bakwiye kumurwanya. Bakoranya ingabo zabo zikomeye, bazishinga urugerero rwo mu Kanywilili na Mfizi ya Kayakira na Gituza cya Tabura rya Makombe na Muzuka na Rwabika rwa Byaterana, bose bateranira mu Kanywilili banumiramo. Ingabo za Rwabugili zahateye ziturutse mu majyepfo yahoo ni zo zagize icyorezo n’abatware barapfa. Zaguye mu ngabo zikomeye zari zabiteguye bihagije.

Mu Kanywilili hari hameze nabi : hari urufunzo kandi urugerero rwari hakurya no hakuno ya rwo. Ingabo z’u Rwanda zaza rero, Abanyabungo bakabanza kwihisha muri urwo rufunzo. Mu majyepfo bari bahashinze Kiraba cya Byaterana, umutware waho, uruhande rw’amajyaruguru hajya abatware bane : Muzuka, Gituza, Mfizi na Rwabika n’ingabo zabo. Igice cya kabiri cyarimo Zimulinda umugaba w’icyo gitero, cyari cyaturutse amajyaruguru, cyarebaga uko bene wabo bagirirwa, ariko bakabura aho baca ngo babatabare. Cyari kigizwe n’imitwe ine : Ingangurarugo, Abashakamba, Inyange n’Abarasa. Abo barwanye intambara ikomeye guhera mu gitondo bageza nimugoroba. Abanyabungo babonye abandi babatabara, aho Kiraba amariye kunesha, ariko biba iby’ubusa, ingabo z’u Rwanda zari ziri kumwe n’umugaba Zimulinda ziranesha, ariko byahacikiye.

Dore uko ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zihagaraye : Uruhembe rumwe rwatangirwaga n’Abarasa, Inyange zigakurikiraho, Abashakamba bagakurikiraho, Ingangurargo zigaheruka, kandi ntibari begeranye cyane ngo umuntu yegerane na mugenzi we byo gusigana imibiri, ahubwo hagati y’umuntu n’undi habaga umwanya w’intambwe nk’eshanu. Ndetse Inyange zo zakwaruye urugamba cyane, hagati y’umuntu na mugenzi we hagasigara nk’intambwe zagera ku icumi. Byatumye badakomerekamo benshi; bakomeretsemoi batatu gusa ari bo: Nduhiliye na Ruhago na Rwubika.

Byabanje gutera umugaba impungenge yohereza abantu bo kuziba ibyo byuho byari hagati mu nyange. Ariko Majanja wabarasanishaga asubizayo abo Zimulinda yohereje. Muri iyo ntambara, ababirebaga batangararirga uko Abanyarwanda bagize iyo mitwe uko ari ine barasanye, ndetse bikageza kuri Zimulinda wari umugaba.

Na we ngo yabonye bikomeye ararasana kandi atabigenewe, kuko umugaba aba ari mu cyimbo cy’umwami, ubwo aba afite Imana yerejwe iryo tabaro, akaba ayicaranye mu nteko, akaguma aho. ariko we yagize andi mayeri yo kurasanisha ingabo mbere yo gufata intwaro ngo na we arwane, yabonaga Abanyarwanda bakubise ababisha babo inshuro ( kubatsura ), babagejeje nko mu ntambwe ijana agahaguruka aho yari yaremeye inteko akayiremera aho ngaho ingamba zirasanira.

Abe bajya gusubira inyuma, Abanyabungo bagize ngo na bo babakubise inshuro, bakabona Zimulinda wambaye ishyira yashinze Imana inyuma yabo hafi bagatinya kumunyuraho, bakongera kwipfunda mu babisha. Aho bigese na we ararasana kugeza banesha. Abanyarwanda bamaze kuneshwa, ingabo z’u Rwanda zirabtwikira birambuye, Abanyabungo bihisha mu mfunzo. Iryo joro nta munyabungo waraye mu rugo rwe cyangwa se rwa mugenzi we muri ako karere ko mu Kanywilili. Abanyarwanda barahatwitse bamaraho amazu yose.

Bukeye ingamba zitarahura, umuhungu wa Kiraba wari imbere y’ingabo z’Abanyabungo yarahaguye, umurundi wo mu Nyange witwaga Nyamukeba yaramuforeye, umuheto awumara inda ararekera, umwambi umugwa ku ijosi yikubita hasi aranogoka. Ariko ntawamenyeko ari we Nyamukeba yagambiriye kurasa, wenda yapfuye kurasa umwambi muri abo Banyabungo, agize amahirwe ahamya uwo musore w’igikomangoma. Abanyabungo babonye mwene shebuja apfuye azize umwambi uturutse mu ngabo z’u Rwanda kandi zari zikiri hirya cyane, barorera kurwana, bareguka bajya mu mibabaro y’umutware wabo wapfuye no mu ihamba rye. Zimulinda abibonye atuma kuri Rwabugili uko bimeze n’uko gufata Akanywilili bikomeye ati “Abanyabungo bibereye mu mfunzo ni mo bihishe, none dukomeze turwane cyangwa se dukore iki?:

Ubwo Rwabugili yari mu Kinyaga ku Ruganda ( muri komini Gisuma). Abatumaho ko batabaruka. Intumwa ya Rwabugili itaragerana igisubizo kuri Zimulinda, Abanyabungo bigira inama yo kwikiza Abanyarwanda bagasubira iwabo. Bakoranya inka nyinshi bazishyira hafi y’urugerero rwabo ruri bati “ turabizi Abanyarwanda bakunda inka, nibabona izi barazinyaga bashorere iyo minyago batahe tugire amahoro!” Abanyarwanda banga kwegera izo nka bakeka ko baba babigiriye kuzibategeraho. Mu gihe bakiri aho, babona intumwa ya Rwabugili. Bahera ubwo batabaruka, kuko bari batagishoboye gufata icyo gihugu, kandi na Rwabugili yari yibabarijwe n’uko Nyilimigabo yapfuye. Yaramukundaga cyane.